Thermal Ablation, Embolization, and Selective Internal Radiation Therapy Combined with Checkpoint Inhibitor Cancer Immunotherapy: Safety Analysis

PurposeTo describe interventional oncology therapies combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy targeting the programmed death 1 pathway in patients different neoplasms.Materials and MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of who underwent tumor-directed thermal ablation, embolization, or selective internal radiation (SIRT) between January 1, 2011, May 2019, received anti–programmed 1/PD-L1 agents ≤ 90 days before 30 after procedure. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) procedural complications procedure were graded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. The included 65 eligible (49% female; age 63 years ± 11.1). most common tumors metastatic melanoma (n = 28) non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) 12). Patients 78 procedures (12 > procedure), frequently SIRT (35.9%) cryoablation (28.2%). target organs liver (46.2%), bone (24.4%), (9.0%). Most ICI monotherapy pembrolizumab 30), nivolumab 22), atezolizumab 6); 7 ipilimumab nivolumab.ResultsSeven (10.8%) experienced an irAE (71.4% grade 1–2), mostly affecting skin. Median time 33 (interquartile range, 19–38 days). Five irAEs occurred melanoma, no NSCLC. Management required corticosteroids 3) immunotherapy discontinuation 1); all resolved 1. There 4 intraprocedural 32 postprocedural (77.8% < 3). No 5 and/or occurred.ConclusionsNo unmanageable unanticipated toxicities within ICIs.